Cinnati



2 SheetsSheet-- 1- (No Model.)

D. J. HAUSS, T. E. MQNAMARA, & J. s. ZERBE.

ELEGTRIG ARC LAMP,

No. 286,925. Patented Oct. 16, 1883.

WITNESSES n 0mm flp vm nM W JTJGa N. PETERS. MW WW 0. c

(No Model.) '2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

D. J. HAUSS, T. E. MQNAMARA, & J. S. ZERBE.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 286.925. Patented Oct. 16, 1883.

g 6 Milo/I10 14. Fans W- C UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID J. HAUSS, TIMOTHY E. MONAMARA, AND JAMES S. ZERBE, OF CIN-CINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO THE AMERICAN UNION ELECTRIC COM- PANY, OFSAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 286,925, dated October16, 1883.

Application filed May 25, 1883. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern Be it known that we, DAVID J. HAUss, TIM-O'IIIY F. MoNimmRA, and JAMES S. ZERBE, all of Cincinnati, in the countyof Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Electric-Arc Lamps, which improvement is fully set forthin the following specification and accompanying drawings, in whichFigure 1 is a front view of the improved arclamp. Fig. 2 is a side viewof same; Fig. 3, perspective view of the operative parts, showing thearrangement of circuits; and Fig. 4 detail view of the carbon-feedingarm.

1 5 The object of the present invention is to provide an improvedelectric lamp; and it consists, first, in the manner of feeding thecarbons by having them approach each other at the same angle, bothfeeding downwardly and toward each other loosely within rigid tubes;

second, in entirely inclosing within an airtight globe or bulb above theare the mechanism for feeding and regulating the same; third, thehermetically-closed globe provided with an air-pump permanently securedthereto, so as to produce a vacuum in the globe; fourth, to provide ameans for supplying the carbons with the electric current at a pointnear to the are end of the carbons; fifth, the employment of anarmature-rod and two links hinged centrally, the said links beingprovided with fingers which project down to the carbon sticks, so thatwhen the magnets move the armaturerod downward the motion of the arms towhich 5 the links are hinged will be outward, so as to separate thecarbon before the fingers touch or check the carbon, all of which willnow beset forth in. detail.

In the accompanying drawings, A repre- 4o sents the globe of theimproved form of lamp,

made preferably pear-shaped, as shown, having an external annularflange, B, around the rim.

Cis the head or top, composed of metal, hav- 5 ing on its periphery thedownwaully-projecting rim or flange D, which. extends down over the edgeof the flange B of the globe. A ket, E, is placed between the head andgloberim, as shown. Centrally the top or head 0 is equipped with ahorizontal cylinder, F, communicating by one or more vent-holes, G, withthe interior of the globe. The cylinder is supplied with a piston rod orhead, the whole conforming in structure and arrangement with theordinary air-pump, the object being to equip the top with means forexhausting air from the globe. The air-pump cylinder is permanentlysecured to the top C by means of the straps or clips H.

I is a ring secured to the cylinder F, by means of which the globe maybe suspended.

Two or more thumb-nuts, J, through the flange D, below the flange B, aredesigned to hold the top securely to the globe in case the air withinthe globe has not been exhausted. -6

Two vertical ly-disposed curved tubes, K K, are secured through the top0 at opposing points near the periphery, with their curves outwardly,having theirlower ends approaching each other to within a limiteddistance. The lower ends are held together by arms L. The upper ends ofthe tubes are each provid ed with screw-caps M, so constructed that thetubes can be hermetically sealed.

M M are bindingposts on the top, on opposite sides of the air-pump. Onthe under side of the top is a bracket, N, having its limbs at the upperends secured permanently to the top, as shown. At the juncture of thetwo arms N are two cross-arms, O O, to which the magnets are attached orfrom which the magnets depend. Below the crossarms is a single stem, N,between the mag nets, which extends down some distance below themagnets. represents the magnet-coil, composed of preferably the samegrade wire as constitutes the arc-circuit, and I. the magnct-coil,composed of very fine grade wire, being also in circuit with the mainline. Below the magnets is an armature, Q, pivoted 0011- 0 trally to thestem N, so that said armature will vibrate against the two magnets a b.The extreme lower end of the stem N has four ears,

1%, on the two opposite sides, between which the slightly-radiating armsS S are hinged. These arms have short produced ends T above theirpivoted points, so that the swing of the arms may be limited, theproduced ends T being only a slight distance from the stem N when intheir normal condition. These arms extend downward, radiating from eachother slightly, terminating in loops U U below and in closejuxtaposition with the lower ends of the curved tubes K K. On the underside of the loops are several fingers, U, extending downwardly, 011which the carbons rest in their descent, and it is by means of thesefingers that the electrical medium is communicated to the carbons- Itwill be observed that by this arrangement the current engages with thecarbon near the arc end, thus obviating the necessity of having thecircuit travel through the entire carbons, and by this means greatlydecreasing the resistance of the current. Near the lower ends of thesearms, and connecting each other, are two links, V, and from theircentrally-hinged points a rod, \V, extends upward and is attached to theend of the armature Q, directly beneath the magnet b. This rod ispreferably composed of two parts united by a screw-threaded thimble, X,whereby the operator is enabled to shorten or lengthen the rod. Each ofthe links V has a downwardlyprojecting finger, Y, pivoted to it near thehinged outer end of the link, each finger being adapted, as shown, topass down through a guide near the loop, and designed, when in operationto act against the carbon, so as to regulate its descent, as willhereinafter be more fully set forth.

The curved tubes K K are designed to receive curved carbon sticks, whichare placed loosely within the tubes, passing through the loops UU of thearms S S. Several very important advantages are claimed for the curvedcarbons and for the manner in which'they are here disposed. It isobvious that in allcases where the carbons approach 011 a line with eachother it is necessary to provide mechanism of some character on twoopposite sides of the arc, and it is also required to provide mechanicalconnections from one side of the are to the other. In addition to this,the long carbon sticks necessitate making the lamp 7 long and unwieldy,whereas by disposing the carbons in the manner here'shown there isnoobstruction to the rays of light below or on thesides: hence no shadows.

\Ve are aware that are lamps have been produced where both carbons arecurved; but in such cases the opposite carbons were so disposed thatthey together formed an are or circle. \Vedo not contemplate this, forthe reason that to so arrange them the carbons must necessarily be shortor the globe or bulb within which they are placed must be large orunwieldy. It is also well known in the art to dispose straight carbonsat an angle to each otherV-shaped or otherwise. This in a measureovercomes the objection urged against the circular carbons; but it isobvious that with the straight carbons the upper part of the lamp mustnecessarily be very large, or short carbons are necessary. Ourinvention, as herein shown, in curving the carbons and disposing them atan angle, enable us to use very long carbons in a small globe, and thussolves the difficulty heretofore mentioned. The entire regulating andfeeding mechanism being within the globe, the whole presents a moreattractive appearance, and the entire lamp is made more compact.

Before proceeding to set forth its operation, the electrical connectionswill be noted. The binding-posts M M are connected with opposite polesof the dynamo or secondary battery, the former being, for convenience,here termed the positive and the latter the negative pole. One pole ofthe main coil 1 is first j oined up to the positive pole M by the wire6, and the opposite pole of the coil with the arm S through the mediumof the wire f. This t ,is insulated from the arms S S, so that theproper circuits are formed electrically, as stated.

The operation will now be described in detail. For the purpose ofutilizing the carbon as greatlyas possible, and also for the purpose ofproducing a more steady and efiicient light, the globe and top areformed, as hereinbefore shown, so that the air can be exhausted from theglobe. To accomplish this the permanent air-pump is brought intorequisition after the carbons c d have been placed in the tubes and thescrew-caps replaced, and as much as possible of the air exhausted. Thecurrent is then produced which traverses the circuit 6 f 9 through thecarbons, causing the well-known electric arc. WVhen the electricalcurrent is set into operation, it flows through the lightresistance-coil I, which causes its magnet a to attract one end of thearmature Q, thus depressing the opposite end, which carries downward therod V, and, by the medium of'the toggle point or links, spreads the armsS S. At

the same time the fingers Y descend and grip the carbons, therebypermittin g the electric arc to form between the ends of the carbons.

\Vhen the space between the endsof the carbons bemagnet a again attractsthe armature, which motion of the armature lowers the rod IV and holdsthe carbons from approaching each other too rapidly. Thus, whenever theequilibrium between the heavy and light resistance coil is disturbed,the armature Q will vibrate from the one to the other, each motionserving the purpose of either retarding the carbon or free in g it fromrestraint, as may be necessary. By this means the varying intensity ofthe current is instantaneously employed to regulate the carbon.

It is obvious that where the carbons approach each other at an angle, ashere shown, the arc will always be practically at one point within theglobe, so that no iocusing-lamp is necessary, and no mechanism isrequired for each separate carbon to move it forward or to cause them toapproach each other, and it is not necessary to provide for the varyingspeed at which the positive and negative car bons are fed or move towardeach other. This forms an important feature in the present invention.

lVe are aware it is not new to have a high and a low resistance coil. inthe circuit, whereby the carbons are regulated, and we do not,therefore, claim this, broadly.

\Vhat we claim is 1. The curved carbons, arranged as shown, branchingfrom each other at the same general angle or inclination, and bothfeeding downward loosely within rigid tubes and toward each other,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In an electric-arc or carbon lamp having curved carbons with curvedguide-tubes, and mechanism, as described, for regulating and feedingsaid curved carbons, the entire mechanism being placed within anair-tight globe which contains the are, but above the same,substantially as herein. set forth.

8. As a new article of manufacture, the globe for electric-arc or carbonlamps, having a cover or top provided with an air-pump for exhaustingsaid globe, substantially as herein set forth.

4. The combination of the curved rigid tubes for loosely holding thecarbons in an electric lamp, with the curved carbons, substantially asherein set forth.

5. In an electric lamp, the combination of the following elements, viz:a low-resistance coil in the arc-circuit, said coil having coactingtherewith one end of a pivoted armature, and a high-resistance coil in aclosed derived circuit coacting with the opposite end of the pivotedarmature, said armature being me chanically connected with the carbons,so that when the flow oi the electricity is normal the carbons arepermitted to approach each other regularly, but whenever the currentvaries in intensity the proportionate flow of electricity through thetwo coils varies, and causes either one or the other magnet to attractgreater or less, and thus check or accelerate the movement of thecarbons, with the hinged radiating-arms S S, having the loops andfingers, the armaturea'od \V, the links V, and lingers Y, substantiallyas herein set forth.

6. In an electric-arc lamp, the arms in'circuit, with loops andresting-fingers for the curved carbons near the arc ends of the latter,whereby said curved carbons are supplied through these arms with thecurrents near to the are end, substantially as herein set forth.

7. An electric-arc lamp, as herein shown, having the carbons curved andplaced loosely in tubes, so that both carbons are permitted to movetoward each other by force of gravity, substantially as herein setforth.

8. The combination of the curved carbons loosely placed within tubes,disposed at an angle, so that said carbons move downwardly toward eachother by force of gravity, with the arms S S, the pivoted armature-rodand holdjug-fingers, and electrical connections for ma nipulating saidarms, substantially as herein set forth.

In testimonythat we claim the foregoing we have hereunto set our handsthis 18th day of May, 1883, in the presence of witnesses.

DAVID J. HAU SS. TIMOTHY E. MONAMARA. JAMES S. ZERBE. \Vitncsses:

S. S. POTTER, F. H. Wimuns.

